HOW TO COMPARE DIFFERENT COUNTRIES OR STATES?

HOW TO COMPARE DIFFERENT COUNTRIES OR STATES?

You might ask if development can mean different things, how come some countries are generally called developed and others under - developed?

Before we come to this, let us consider another question.

When we compare different things, they could have …………………… as well as …………………….

Which aspects do we use to compare them?

Let us look at students in the class itself.

How do we compare different students?

They differ in their ……………………………………………

The healthiest student may not be ……………………………………….

……………………………………………. may not be the friendliest one.

So, how do we compare students?

The criterion we may use depends on ……………………………………….

We use different criterion to choose a sports team, a debate team, a music team or a team to organise a picnic.

Still, if for some purpose, we have to choose the criterion for the all-round progress of children in the class, how shall we do it?

 

Usually we take one or more important characteristics of persons and compare them based on these characteristics.

Of course, there can be differences about what are important characteristics that should form the basis of comparison: …………………………………………………………………?

This is true of development too.

For comparing countries, ……………………… is considered to be one of the most important attributes.

……………………………………… are more developed than others with less income.

This is based on the understanding that …………………………………………………..

Whatever people like, and should have, they will be able to get with greater income.

So, ………………………. itself is considered to be one important goal.

Now, what is the income of a country?

Intuitively, the income of the country is …………………………………………...

This gives us ………………………. of the country.

However, for comparison between countries, ………………………. is not such an useful measure.

Since, countries have different populations, comparing total income will not tell us ……………………...

Are people in one country better off than others in a different country?

Hence, we compare the average income which is ……………………………………………….

The average income is also called …………………………….

In …………………………….., brought out by the World Bank, this criterion is used in ……………….. countries.

Countries with per capita income of …………………………., are called rich countries and those with per capita income of …………………………………… are called low-income countries.

India comes in the category of ………………………….. because its per capita income in 2017 was just ………………………………….

The rich countries, excluding …………………………………….., are generally called ………………………………