CLASS 9 ECO CH 1
Question 1.
What is the main reason behind growing three different crops in a year?
Answer:
The village has a well-developed system of irrigation.
Question 2.
What are the main factors of production?
Answer:
Land, labour, physical capital and human capital.
Question 3.
Machinery, work plants, equipments, new technology, buildings are the example of
Answer:
Fixed capital
Question 4.
Consumption of chemical fertilisers is highest in which State of India?
Answer:
Punjab
Question 5.
The quality of resources which can be improved through investment in education and training is the _______ .
Answer:
Human capital
Question 6.
Why is there heavy competition for work among the farm labourers in village Palampur?
Answer:
Because people are ready to work for lower wages.
Question 7.
To grow more than one crop on a piece of land during the year is called _______ .
Answer:
Multiple cropping.
Question 8.
The use of higher yields with combination of HYV (High Yielding Varieties) seeds, irrigation, chemical fertilisers, pesticides, etc. refers to _______ .
Answer:
Modern cropping.
Question 9.
One of the important non-farming activities besides farming in Palampur is _______ .
Answer:
Dairy farming.
Question 10.
Some shopkeepers in Palampur buy various goods from wholesale markets in the cities and sell them in the village. This process is called .
Answer:
Trading (exchange of goods).
Question 11.
Name two crops that grow in the rainy season.
Answer:
Jowar and bajra
Question 12.
Money in hand and raw materials are an example of _______ .
Answer:
Working capital
Question 13.
When were the high yielding varieties (HYV) of seeds introduced to the Indian farmers? -<§01
Answer:
In the late 1960s
Question 14.
What is the main production activity in Palampur village?
Answer:
Farming is the main production activity in Palampur village.
Question 15.
What do you understand by the Green Revolution?
Answer:
Green Revolution was started in the late 1960s in the field of agriculture, under this revolution, modern methods of farming were adopted to increase agriculture product.
Question 16.
Who are the small farmers?
Answer:
Small farmers are those farmers who have less than 2 hectares of land.
Question 17.
How many people of Palampur village were engaged in non-farming activities?
Answer:
25% people of Palampur village were engaged in non-farming activities.
Question 18.
What is the full form of HYV?
Answer:
High-Yielding Varieties.
Question 19.
How can you say that the use of modern farming methods is beneficial for Indian farmers?
Answer:
By using modern farming methods, Indian farmers are able to produce much greater amount of grains on a single plant. There is a large increase in the production of wheat. Using these methods, the farmers have greater amounts of surplus wheat to sell in the markets.
Question 20.
What is the most abundant factor of production?
Answer:
Labour is the most abundant factor of production.
Question 21.
From where do most of the small farmers borrow money to arrange for the capital in Palampur?
Answer:
Village moneylenders
Question 22.
Why do the farmers of Palampur follow multiple cropping?
Answer:
It is because this method is the most common way of increasing production.
Question 23.
What is meant by working capital?
Answer:
Raw materials and money in hand are called working capital.
Question 24.
Give two examples of fixed capital.
Answer:
Machines and buildings.
Question 25.
What role do markets play in the expansion of non-farm activities?
Answer:
Goods and services produced are sold in the markets.
Question 26.
What is multiple cropping?
Answer:
Multiple cropping means growing more than one crop on the same piece of land in a year.
Question 27.
Name the Indian states that tried out the modern farming methods at first.
Answer:
Farmers of Punjab, Haryana and Western Uttar Pradesh were the first to try out the modern farming methods in India.
Question 28.
What is measured as the crop produced on given piece of land during a single season?
Answer:
Yield is measured as crop produced on a given piece of land during a single season.
Question 29.
What are the constituents of modern farming methods?
Answer:
The constituents of modern farming methods are use of high yielding variety of seeds, using chemical fertilisers and pesticides, as well as using plenty of water for irrigation.
Question 30.
Mention one difference between land and capital.
Answer:
Land is a natural resource whereas capital is man-made factor of production.
Question 31.
What is the harmful effect of continuous use of groundwater for tubewell irrigation?
Answer:
The continuous use of groundwater for tubewell irrigation has led to the depletion of the water-table.
Question 32.
What is aim of production?
Answer:
The aim of production is to produce the goods and services that we want.
Question 1.
What are the factors of production?
Answer:
The essential inputs which are required for the production of goods and services are known as factors of production. For example, for the production of cloth, cotton-machine, labour and technology is required.
Question 2.
Name the main production activity of Palampur.
Answer:
Farming.
Question 3.
What capital is needed as first priority to set up a jaggery manufacturing unit?
Answer:
Fixed capital.
Question 4.
Give a few examples of fixed capital.
Answer:
Tools, machines and building.
Question 5.
Name any one item of working capital.
Answer:
Money.
Question 6.
Give an example of an entity which is not a part of fixed capital.
Answer:
Cash amount.
Question 7.
Give two examples of the working capital.
Answer:
- Raw materials,
- Money in hand.
Question 8.
What do raw materials and money in hand call?
Answer:
The working capital.
Question 9.
The clay used by a potter is an example of which type of capital?
Answer:
Working capital.
Question 10.
Why is it important to use land very carefully?
Answer:
Land is a natural resource, once destroyed it is very difficult to restore it.
Question 11.
What are rabi crops?
Answer:
The crops which are grown in the winter season i.e., November or December and harvested in summer i.e., April or May. For example, wheat.
Question 12.
What are kharif crops?
Answer:
The crops which are grown in the rainy season i.e., June or July and harvested in October or November. For example, rice.
Question 13.
Farmer’s plough is an example of which factors of production?
Answer:
Capital.
Question 14.
Which is the most abundant factor of production?
Answer:
Labour.
Question 15.
What is physical capital?
Answer:
Physical capital includes variety of inputs required at every stage during production like machines, raw material etc.
Question 16.
What are different categories of physical capital?
Answer:
- Fixed capital,
- Working capital.
Question 17.
Categorise the following as fixed capital or working capital:
(i) Cotton,
(ii) Machine.
Answer:
(i) Cotton — Working capital,
(ii) Machine — Fixed capital.
Question 18.
Which term is used for production for self-consumption?
Answer:
Subsistence farming.
Question 19.
Enumerate a few effects of modem farming method.
Answer:
Soil degradation, reduced water table below the ground and water pollution.
Question 20.
Mention any two natural factors of production.
Answer:
Land, forests, water, minerals etc.
Question 21.
What is a market?
Answer:
It is a place where goods and services can be sold.
Question 22.
Define yield.
Answer:
Crop produced on a given piece of land during a single season.
Question 23.
Who provides capital to the small farmers at high rate of interest?
Answer:
Large farmers, village moneylender or the traders.
Question 24.
What does HYV stand for?
Answer:
High Yielding Varieties (HYV).
Question 25.
“The yield of food grains hectare is high in Punjab, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh”. Give two reasons. HOTS
Answer:
- Use of HYV seeds.
- Use of tubewells for irrigation.
Question 26.
Which are the prime requirement for production of goods and services?
Answer:
Market.
Question 27.
Write down the names of the crops that were promoted by Green Revolution.
Answer:
Cultivation of wheat and rice.
Question 28.
During which season do farmers of Palampur grow jo war and bajra?
Answer:
Rainy season.
Question 29.
At present, what is the percentage of the people who are engaged in the rural areas in non-farming activities in India?
Answer:
24%.
Question 30.
What is the basic constraint in raising farm production?
Answer:
The basic constraint in raising farm productions land which is a fixed factor of production.
Question 31.
What is Green Revolution? HOTS
Answer:
The great increase in the production of food grains in our country during the last 40 years, due to use of high yielding variety (HYV) of seeds, and other inputs is known as the Green Revolution.
Question 32.
What was production of pulses and wheat in 2010-11?
Answer:
Pulses – 18 MT, Wheat – 86 MT.
Question 33.
Mention any two non-farm activities.
Answer:
Dairy and transport.
Question 34.
Name any two states which benefited from the Green Revolution.
Answer:
- Punjab,
- Haryana.
Question 35.
Mention any two factors responsible for the low yield of foodgrains in India.
Answer:
- Old technology,
- Small land holdings.
Question 36.
Which of the following is not used in modem farming?
Answer:
Ploughs.
Question 37.
Which is the best way to expand non-farm activities in a village?
Answer:
Better transportation, availability of loan at low interest, availability of markets where goods can be sold are the best way to expand non-farming activities.
Question 38.
In which period is the cultivation of potato done?
Answer:
October to December.
Question 39.
In which type of activity is dairy farming included?
Answer:
Primary activity.
Question 40.
Which state in India has the highest consumption of chemical fertilizers?
Answer:
Punjab.
Question 41.
Scientific reports indicate that the modem farming methods have overused the land. Explain by giving examples.
Answer:
- The soil is losing fertility due to increased use of chemical fertilizers,
- The continuous use of groundwater from tubewell irrigation has reduced the water table.
Question 42.
What is multiple cropping?
Answer:
To grow more than one crop on a piece of land during the year is known as multiple cropping.
Question 43.
Name any two methods to increase production in agriculture.
Answer:
- By using HYV seeds,
- By irrigation.
Question 44.
Which capital is known as working capital?
Answer:
Raw materials and money in hand are called the working capital.
Question 45.
Which is the most important economic activity of the people of rural India?
Answer:
Farming.
Question 46.
Mention the standard unit for measuring the area of land.
Answer:
Hectare.
Question 47.
“Many people belonging to SCs (dalits) are discriminated in village.” Justify giving a reason.
Answer:
SCs live in one corner of the village and in much smaller houses.
Question 48.
What is production? Give an example.
Answer:
Production is the creation of value in a commodity. For example, manufacturing of a car from steel.
Question 1.
What is the main economic activity in Palampur? [CBSE 2012]
Answer:
The main economic activity in Palampur is farming.
Question 2.
What was the status of upper caste families in Palampur?
Answer:
The 80 upper caste families owned majority of the land in Palampur. Some of their houses were quite large and made up of brick with cement plastering.
Question 3.
What was the benefit of electricity in Palampur?
Answer:
Most of the houses have electricity connections. Electricity is used to power the tubewells in the fields and also for many small businesses.
Question 4.
What facilities are available for education and health in Palampur?
Answer:
Palampur has two primary schools and one high school. There is a primary health centre run by the government and one private dispensary where the sick are treated.
Question 5.
Define Production.
Answer:
Production is an activity that involves making of goods or services that a person needs.
Question 6.
Farmer’s plough is an example of which factor of production? [CBSE 2014]
Answer:
Farmer’s plough is an example of fixed capital.
Question 7.
What do you mean by physical capital?
Answer:
At every stage of production, we need a variety of inputs such as machines, raw materials and money. Together, these are called physical capital.
Question 8.
What is the first and foremost requirement for the production of goods and services?
Answer:
The first and foremost requirement for the production of goods and services is the land and other factors of production like labour and capital.
Question 9.
What do you mean by working capital?
Or
Which capital is known as working capital? [CBSE 2014]
Answer:
Working capital refers to the variety of raw material and money in hand during the production, in order to make payments and buy other necessary items.
Question 10.
What is human capital?
Answer:
Human capital refers to knowledge and enterprise required to put tpgether land, labour and physical capital and produce an output for self-consumption or to sell in the market.
Question 11.
Name the kharif and rabi crops grown in Palampur.
Answer:
The kharif crops are jowar and bajra and rabi crops are wheat and sugarcane which are grown in Palampur. Potatoes are also grown in between these two seasons.
Question 12.
What was the main reason for the growth of three different crops in a year?
Answer:
The main reason for the growth of three different crops in a year was well-developed system of irrigation.
Question 13.
What is the impact of electricity on irrigation?
Answer:
Earlier, with the use of persian wheel, people used to irrigate small areas by using water from wells. But, now, with the use of electricity and tubewells, they can irrigate larger areas in lesser time.
Question 14.
What is multiple cropping? [CBSE 2014]
Answer:
Multiple cropping means to grow more than one crop on a same piece of land.
Question 15.
Define yield. [CBSE 2011]
Answer:
Yield means crop produced on a given piece of land during a single season.
Question 16.
How did the Indian farmers benefit from Green Revolution?
Answer:
The Green Revolution enabled the Indian farmers to cultivate wheat and rice using high yielding varieties of seeds, irrigation, chemical fertilisers, insecticides, pesticides etc.
Question 17.
Which modern implements were used by the Indian farmers?
Answer:
The modern implements used by the Indian farmers were tubewells, tractors, threshers and harvesters.
Question 18.
What is the impact of Green Revolution on soil and ground water table?
Answer:
Green Revolution is associated with the increased use of chemical fertilisers. The minerals of chemical fertilisers dissolve in water and contaminate it, thereby polluting both water and soil, thus, the continuous use of fertilisers makes the soil less fertile,
Question 19.
Who provides labour for medium and large farmers?
Answer:
Labour for medium and large farmers is provided by landless labourers or those who are cultivating small plots of land.
Question 20.
Which is the most labour absorbing sector of the economy? [CBSE 2012,11]
Answer:
Agriculture
Question 21.
How do farm labourers get wages in Palampur?
Answer:
In Palampur, the farm labourers get wages in the form of cash or kind, i.e., in terms of food grains.
Question 22.
What is the minimum wage per day for a farm labourer set by the government?
Answer:
? 300 per day.
Question 23.
How much Dala gets as a minimum wage?
Answer:
? 160.
Question 24.
What do the medium and large farmers do with the surplus from farm production?
Answer:
Medium and large farmers sell the surplus from farm production and a part of the earnings is saved and the other part of it, is used to buy cattle, trucks etc. for the next season.
Question 25.
Name any two non-farm activities in Palampur. [CBSE 2014]
Answer:
The non-farm activities in Palampur are:
- Dairy farming
- Small-scale manufacturing
- Transport
- Shopkeeping (any two)
Question 26.
In which type of activity is dairy farming included? [CBSE 2014]
Answer:
Dairy farming is included in non-farm activity.
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