CLASS 5 SCIENCE PLANTS FILL INS

2 PLANTS

Plants need ………………….. in much the same way as humans, animals and birds.

They need energy to …………………., to …………………………., to …………………….., and to ……………... 

Like all organisms, plants also get the energy, they need, from …………………... 

Plants are special because …………………………………………………. 

How do Plants Prepare Food? 

A plant makes its food in ………………………………. 

Thus, green leaves are ………………………… of the plant. 

The process, by which green plants make their food, is called ………………………………. 

Photo means ……………….. and synthesis means …………………………. 

Plants need raw materials like ………………………………………... 

These are converted into food in the presence of ………………………………………

Carbon dioxide is taken from air through ………………………. 

Stomata are the ………………………………………………. 

Water, required by the plant, is drawn from …………………….. through the roots. 

Sunlight is available during the day-time. 

…………………………, which is essential for completing the process, is the green-coloured 

pigment present in the green leaves of plants. 

Some plants need extra food in addition to what they prepare by photosynthesis. 

These are plants that grow in …………………………………………….. 

They get their extra nourishment from ……………………….

Plants, that trap and feed on insects, are called …………………………….. 

……………………………………… are two examples of such plants. 

They trap insects in their ………………………… which have special shapes. 

The insects get ………………………, when they are trapped in the leaf, and ……………….. 

The bodies of these insects are then …………………………………………. by the plant.

Reproduction in Plants 

All living things reproduce to …………………………………………….. 

The process, by which a living thing produces more of its own kind, is called 

………………………………... 

Plants also reproduce their own kind. 

They do so mainly in two ways: 

1. …………………………………. 

2. ……………………………………….. 

Let us study these two ways in some detail. 

1. Reproduction through Seeds 

The seeds of a plant usually develop inside ………………………. 

As the fruit ripens, the seeds become …………………………... 

These seeds get dispersed through various agents like ……………………………….. 

All the seeds, that drop on the soil, do not grow to form new plants. 

Many of them die due to ……………………………………... 

Only those seeds, which get favourable conditions, like ……………………………….., grow to form 

new plants.

Structure of the Seed 

Take some gram or bean seeds. 

Soak them for 10- 12 hours in water. 

Now pick up one seed and observe its structure carefully. 

We will notice that it has a hole that allows water to enter its inside. 

This hole is known as ……………………………... 

The seed is covered by an outer layer called …………………………... 

Inside the seed coat, there are seed leaves, also called ……………………... 

Some plants, like pea, gram and bean have ……………. cotyledons whereas wheat, rice and 

maize have ……………………. cotyledon. 

Inside the seed leaves, there is a ………………………………..

The baby plant has …………………………………. 

The cotyledons store …………………. for the baby plant to grow. 

Growth of the Plant 

The baby plant starts growing into a new plant when it gets appropriate amount of …….

and ……….., and …………………., around it, is neither ……………………….

To start with, ………………….. provide food to the growing plant. 

Later on, the plant starts making its own food with the help of ………………..

Seed Germination 

We know that a plant usually grows from ………………... 

The process, by which a seed grows and develops into a seedling, i.e. …………………., is called 

…………………………..

Seeds need ……………………. to grow and develop into ………………….. 

Let us do an activity to study the conditions that are necessary for germination of a seed.

We can, thus, conclude that appropriate amount of …………………………… are necessary for 

germination of seeds.

Is it possible to grow some plants without seeds? 

Let us find out. 

2. Reproduction by Different Parts of the Plant 

In many plants, reproduction takes place through ………………………. 

A new plant can grow 

(i) ………………………………………

(ii) …………………………………….

(iii) ………………………… or 

(iv) …………………………... 

This type of reproduction, in which a new plant arises from some part of a plant, without 

the involvement of seeds, is called ……………………………………... 

Vegetative Reproduction 

It is of great importance because …………………….. of increasing the number of the same 

plant. 

It also helps to grow plants, like ………………………, which bear no seeds. 

Let us now study how the different parts, of a plant, are involved in the process of 

vegetative reproduction.

(a) Reproduction through underground stem: 

In plants, like ……………………………….., a new plant grows from the underground stem. 

In these plants, a part of the stem, present underground, grows and develops …………………..

to make new plants.

(b) Reproduction by stem cutting: 

New plant can also be grown by using ……………………….. of a grown up plant. 

Stem cuttings are used for growing plants like …………………………………………..

(c) Reproduction through root: 

When the fleshy roots of some plants, like ………………………………, are placed in water, very 

many roots appear at the lower end and shoots appear at the upper end.

In …………………………., new plants arise from its root itself.

(d) Reproduction through leaf: 

In plants like ……………………………, new young plants arise from the notches of the leaves 

where small buds are present. 

These small buds get detached from ……………………. and develop into new plants.

We can, thus, say that different plants reproduce, either through ……………….., or from 

……………………… of the plant. 

They ……………………………… through an appropriate method of reproduction. 

Seed Dispersal 

We know that flowers produce ………………… and most fruits bear ………………….. 

However, all seeds, of a given plant, do not germinate near their mother plants. 

This is because they will then have to struggle to get sufficient …………………………. and many 

of them would …………………. 

……………………, therefore, enables the seeds to move over to other places. 

It does so through various agents, such as ……………………………………….. 

They all help in the transfer of seeds to different places. 

The process of transfer of seeds, to different places, is called ………………………………... 

We now discuss, in some detail, about the different methods of seed dispersal. 

Different Ways of Seed Dispersal 

Human-made ways: 

Humans select seeds of useful plants and sows them in the soil to get new plants. 

You must have seen farmers sowing seeds of different useful plants like …………………………...

Natural ways: 

Plants, especially ……………………………………, use lots of natural methods to scatter their seeds. 

These are given below: 

1. Dispersal by wind: 

………………………………………………… get dispersed through wind. 

These seeds are ……………………………. and have hair on them. 

The hair enable them to ………………………………… and get dispersed.

2. Dispersal by water: 

Plants, which are ……………………………………, disperse their seeds through water. 

……………………………………….. are examples of plants which disperse their seeds through water. 

The seeds ………………………………………… before being carried away. 

They sink into mud on the shore, or on the fringes, of the water body.

3. Dispersal by birds, insects and rodents: 

………………………………………, carry fruits and grains to their burrows, nests and other places. 

They drop some grains, or seeds, on their way. 

These may grow into plants in the new environment.

4. Dispersal by human and animals: 

………………………………………….., are eaten by humans, and other animals, and their seeds get 

thrown away. 

Seeds of …………………………………………… often get dispersed by this method. 

These seeds can grow into new plants under suitable, and favourable, conditions. 

Many plants, like ……………………………………….., depend on animals, including humans, to carry 

their seeds away from their parent plants. 

Their fruits are …………………………………. on them. 

They get stuck to the …………………………………………….. 

They get carried to different places where they fall down and grow into new plants.

5. Dispersal through cracking and bursting: 

Some fruits ……………………………….. and scatter their seeds far away from the parent plant. 

These may grow into new plants. 

Seeds of ………………………………………. get dispersed by this method.

Now you know why, and how, plants grow at all places. 

The dispersal of seeds plays an important role in increasing the number of plants all over 

the earth.

Keywords 

chlorophyll :

cotyledons :

germination :

photosynthesis :

seed coat : 

seed dispersal : 

seedling : 

vegetative reproduction :