CLASS 10 SST - GEOGRAPHY - AGRICULTURE - TECHNOLOGICAL AND INSTITUTIONAL REFORMS

TECHNOLOGICAL AND INSTITUTIONAL REFORMS

Very Short Answers:-

1.Which state is known as the harbinger of ‘Green? Revolution’ India joy

 Ans. Punjab is known as the harbinger of ‘Green Revolution’ in India.

2.Write another name for ‘White Revolution’.

Ans. Another name of White Revolution is Operation Flood.

3.Who initiated Bhoodan-Gramdan Movement?

 Ans. Viola Behave initiated Bhoodan-Gramdan Movement.

4.Write the full form of ICAR.

Ans. Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR).

Long Answers:-

1.What is the main contribution of agriculture to the national economy? Explain any five steps taken by the government of India to modernize agriculture.

Or

 “Agriculture is the mainstay of Indian economy.” Explain the statement.

 Ans. (1) (i) Agriculture is the backbone or the mainstay of the Indian economy. It has been contributing significantly in the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). From 1951 onwards I the share of agriculture sector in GDP has registered a declining trend. In 2010-11 about 52 per cent of the total work force was employed by the form sector which makes more than half of the Indian population dependent on agriculture for sustenance.

 (ii) Besides providing livelihood and employment it also provides raw materials to agro- based industries and fodder to country’s vast livestock.

(2) Considering the importance of agriculture in Indian economy, the Government of India made serious efforts to modernize agriculture in the following ways :

(i) Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) was established.

(ii) Agricultural universities, veterinary colleges and universities have been setup.

(iii) Animal breeding centers, horticulture development, research and development in the field of meteorology have been established.

(iv) Weather forecast are also given priority.

 (v) Steps are taken for improvement of rural infrastructure.

2.Describe the technical and institutional reforms occurred in Indian agriculture.

Or

 Describe any five technological and institutional reforms initiated to improve the standard of agriculture in India.                                            

Or

 Describe the institutional and technical changes introduced in the field of agriculture in India in the recent years.                                                                                   

 Ans. (1) The government provides HYV seeds and fertilizers.

 (2) Special weather bulletins and agricultural programmed for farmers are introduced on radio and television.

 (3) Government provides technical assistance and training for farmers.

(4) Soil testing facilities, cold storage and transportation facilities are provided by government for farmers.

 (5) Veterinary services, animal breeding centers, horticulture development like facilities are provided by the government for farmers.

3.Describe any five steps taken by the government of India to increase the productivity of agriculture in India.                                                                                                      

                                                                                           Or

Explain any three institutional reforms introduced by the government in the interest of farmers.                  

Or

 Explain any four institutional reforms programmed introduced by the government in the interest of farmers.                                                                                                      

Or

Describe any five reforms brought in the Indian agriculture after independence through the efforts of the Indian Government.

Or

Suggest two technological and three institutional reforms taken by the government to ensure the increase in agricultural production.

Ans. (1) The right of inheritance has led to fragmentation of land holdings. Therefore, collectivization, consolidation of land holdings, cooperation and abolition of zamindari system, etc. are given priority to bring about institutional reforms.

(2) The Green Revolution based on the use of package technology was initiated to improve Indian agriculture.

(3) Land development programmed was initiated, which included provisions for crop insurance against drought, flood, cyclone, fire and diseases, establishment of Graeme Banks, Cooperative Societies, etc.

(4) Kiss an Credit Card (KCC), Personal Accident Insurance Scheme (PATS) were also introduced for the benefit of farmers.

(5) Special weather bulletins and agricultural programmed for farmers are run on the radio and television.

(6) To check the exploitation of farmers by speculators and middlemen, the government announces Minimum Support Price, remunerative and procurement prices for important crops.