CLASS 10 SST - GEOGRAPHY - AGRICULTURE - CROPPING PATTERN AND MAJOR CROPS

CROPPING PATTERN AND MAJOR CROPS

Very Short Answers

1. Which two areas of India produce orange mainly?

Ans. Nagpur and Cherrapunjee

2. Which crop is used both as food and fodder?

 Ans. Maize is a crop which is used both as food and fodder.

3. Name any one leguminous crop.

Ans. Ural, mooing and maser                                                                                     

4. Which state is the leading producer of mower?

Ans. Maharashtra is the leading producer of mower in India.

5. Which country does produce 13 per cent of the world’s vegetables?

Ans. India produces about 13 per cent of the world’s vegetables.

6. What is the agricultural term used for cultivation of Recoil?

Or

By which name is specialized cultivation of fruits and vegetables known?                   

Or

What is the term used for specialized cultivation of fruits and vegetables? 

Ans. Horticulture is the term used for cultivation of fruits and vegetables.

7. Which is the leading coffee producer state in India?

 Ans. Karnataka is the leading coffee producer state in India.

8. What is the rank of India among the natural rubber producing countries of the world?

Ans. India ranks fourth among the world’s natural rubber production.

9. Which crop is commercial crop in one state while subsistence crop in another state?

Ans. Rice is a commercial crop in Haryana and Punjab, but subsistence crop in Odessa.

10. Which type of soil is ideal for growing cotton?

 Ans. Black soil is ideal for growing cotton.

11. Mention two rabbi crops.

Or

Name any one rabbi crop.

Ans. Two rabbi crops are: wheat, barley, peas, gram, and mustard.

Short Answers

1.Differentiate between the two major cropping seasons of India.

Or

Distinguish between rabi and kharif cropping seasons of India with regard to sowing,

Or

Which are the two main cropping seasons in India? Mention their growing and harvesting periods.

Ans.

Rabi Cropping Season  (1) Rabi crops are sown from October to December. (2) They are harvested in summer from April to June. (3) Important rabbi crops are: wheat, barley, peas, gram and mustard. (4) These crops are grown in Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, J & K, Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh. (5) Availability of precipitation during winter months due to western temperate cyclones helps in success of these crops.

Sharif Cropping Season-(1) Sharif crops are grown with the onset o1 monsoon. (2) These crops are harvested in September’ October. (3) Important khaki crops are: paddy, maize’ mower, Baja, etc. (4) These crops are grown mainly in Assam’ West Bengal, Odessa, Andhra Pradesh, Tao’ Nadu, Kerala, Bihar. (5) These crops are irrigated mainly through monsoon rains.

2.Give any three features of Said Season.

Or

Explain `ZAID’ cropping season of India with examples.

Ans. (1) said Season: In between the rabbi and the khaki seasons, there is a short season during the summer months known as the Said Season.

 (2) They require dry weather for major growth period and longer day length for flowering.

(3) In the Indian sub-continent, the crops are grown on irrigated lands which do not wait for monsoon.

(4) Some of the crops produced during `Said’ are watermelon, muskmelon, cucumber, vegetables and fodder crops.

(5) Sugarcane takes almost a year to grow.

Long Answers:-

1.Mention two geographical conditions required for the growth of Maize crop in India. Describe three factors which have contributed to increase maize production.

Ans. Geographical conditions required for the growth of maize are as under:

(i)It needs an average temperature between 21°C and 27°C.

(ii) An annual rainfall of around 75 cm is required.

 (iii) It grows well in old alluvial soil.

Factors which have contributed to increase maize production:

(i) HYV seeds — It means High Yielding Variety of seeds. These seeds make it possible to produce much greater amount of grain on a single plant. They help in increasing the total production.

(ii) Fertilizers and pesticides—use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in increasing production and producing best results.

(iii) Irrigation—Due to well-developed irrigation facilities, the production of maize is also increased.

2.Name the important beverage crop introduced by the British in India. Explain the geographical conditions needed for its cultivation. Write any two important states where it is grown.

Ans. Tea is the important beverage crop introduced by British in India.

Geographical conditions needed for the cultivation of tea are as under:

(i) Tea plant grows well in tropical and sub-tropical climates.

 (ii) Deep, fertile and well-drained soil is needed.

 (iii) Soil rich in humus and organic matter is required.

 (iv) It requires warm and moist frost-free climate throughout the year.

(v) Frequent showers, evenly distributed over the year ensure continuous growth of tender leaves.

(vi) Tea is labor intensive industry. So, it requires abundant, cheap and skilled labor.

 (3) Important states where it is grown are Assam and West Bengal.

3.Which is the staple food crop of India? Explain the growing conditions required for the same.                                                                                  

Or

What are the growing conditions required for the main staple food crop of India? Mention the main growing regions.                                                                                                           

Or

 Which is the staple food crop of a majority of the people in India? Mention any two regions where this crop is mainly grown.                                                                  

Ans. (1) The two most important staple food crops of India are rice and wheat.

 (2) Rice: (i) India is the second largest producer of rice in the world after China.

 (ii) It is a khaki crop.

(iii) It requires high temperature (above 25°C) and humidity with annual rainfall -L_ ‘wove 100 cm.

 (iv) Major areas where rice is grown are: West Bengal, Bihar, Assam, Odessa, and Andra Pradesh.

 Wheat: (i) It is the main food crop in north and north-western parts of the country. It is a rabbi crop.

(ii) It requires a cool growing season and a bright sunshine at the time of ripening. It also requires 50 to 75 cm of annual rainfall.

 (iii) It is grown in alluvial and loamy soil.

 (iv) Major areas where wheat is grown are: Punjab, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh.

4.Describe the geographical conditions required for the growth of sugarcane and tea, Mention two important states of each.

Or

 Describe any four geographical conditions required for the growth of sugarcane. Name any two major sugarcane producing states of north India.

Ans. Geographical conditions required for the growth of sugarcane are as follows:

(i) It is a tropical as well as sub-tropical crop.

(ii) It requires hot and humid climate with a temperature of 21°C to 27°C.

 (iii) It requires an annual rainfall between 17 to 100 cm.

(iv) It can be grown on a variety of soil.

 Major sugarcane producing states are : Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Punjab, Haryana, etc.

Major tea producing states are : Assam, West Bengal, Tamil Nadu, Kerala.

5.Explain any two geographical conditions required for the cultivation of pulses. Name any two important pulses producing states.

 Ans. (1) Geographical conditions required for the cultivation of pulses: (i) Pulses need less moisture and survive even in dry conditions.

(ii) Temperature is required from 25°C to 30°C.

 (iii) Pulses grow well in the areas of 50-75 cm rainfall.

(iv) These can be grown on all types of soil but dry light soil is the best suited.

 (v) Pulses are leguminous crops which help in restoring soil fertility by fixing nitrogen from the air. Thus, pulses are mostly grown in rotation with other crops.

 (2) Major pulses producing states are: Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Maharashtra and Karnataka.

6.Write any four climatic conditions required for the cultivation of rubber. Mention any two states which are the leading producers of rubber in India.

 Ans. (1) Climatic conditions required for the cultivation of rubber are as follows:

(i) Rubber is grown in equatorial, tropical and sub-tropical climatic regions.

(ii) It requires moist and humid climate.

(iii) Temperature is required above 25° C.

(iv) More than 200 cm rainfall is needed.

(2) Kerala, Tamil Nadu are the leading producers of rubber in India.

7.What are Saba crops’? In which period of the year are they sown and harvested in India? Mention any four states where these crops are grown mainly.

Or

 Explain `rabbi’ cropping season of India with examples.    

 Ans. Rabi crops:

(1) Crops grown in winter months are called rabbi crops.

 (2) Some of the important rabbi crops are wheat, barley, peas, gram and mustard.

(3) Rabi crops are sown in the winter from October to December.

(4) These crops are harvested in the summer from April to June.

(5) These crops are grown in large parts of India. Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh and Jammu & Kashmir are the main rabbi crops producing states of India.

8.Which crop is known as the ‘golden fiber’? Explain two geographical conditions essential for the cultivation of this crop. Mention any four uses.

Or

 What is known as ‘golden fiber’? Where is it grown in India and why? Describe various uses of this fiber.                                                                                                                                                

Ans. (1) Jute is called golden fiber.

(2) Geographical conditions for its cultivation are as follows:

(i) Jute grow well in well-drained fertile soil of the floodplains where the soil is renewed every year.

(ii) High temperature is required during the time of growth.

(3) It grows well on well-drained fertile soils in the floodplains.

 (4) Therefore, it is grown in West Bengal, Bihar, Assam, Desha and Meghalaya.

(5) Uses: It can be used to manufacture gunny bags, mats, ropes, yarn, carpets and other artifacts.

9.Mention four geographical conditions required for the growth of tea in India. Name any two tea growing states of South India.

Or

What are the soil type, climatic conditions and rainfall conditions required for the cultivation of tea? Write two states of India where tea grows.                    

Or

 Mention geographical conditions required for tea cultivation.                                

Ans. (1) Some of the geographical conditions for the growth of tea are as follow:

(a) Temperature: It requires hot and wet climate. The ideal temperature for the growth of tea bushes and leaf varies between 20°C to 30°C. If temperature either rises above 35°C or goes below 10°C, it would be harmful for the growth of tea bushes and leaves.

b)Rainfall: As mentioned above tea requires a good amount of rainfall ranging between 150-300 cm and the annual rainfall should be well distributed throughout the year. Long dry spell is harmful for tea.

(c) Soil:Tea bush grows well in well drained, deep, friable loamy soil.However, virgin forest soils rich in humus and iron content are considered to be the best soils for the tea plantation. Tea is a shade loving plant and grows better when planted along with shady trees.

(2) Major tea producing states of South India are: (1) Tamil Nadu (ii) Kerala (iii) Andhra Pradesh.

10.Name any four oil seeds produced in India. Explain the importance of oil seeds in our day-to- day life.

Or

Describe the importance of oil seeds. Describe the significance of oil seeds.

Ans. (1) (i) Groundnut, (ii) Mustard, (iii) Coconut, (iv) Sesame (v) Soybean (vi) sunflower.

 (2) Importance of oil seeds:

(i) Most of these are edible in the form of oil and are used for cooking foods.

(ii) These are also used as raw materials for manufacturing paints, varnishes, ‘yak, perfumes, cosmetics, etc.

(iii) Oil cake is used as excellent cattle feed. Oil cake is also used as fertilizer.

11.Compare the geographical conditions required for the two major cereal crops inning rice and wheat. Give one major area where they are grown.                      

Or

Which is the second most important cereal crop cultivated in India? In which regions is it grown? Explain the growing conditions for the same.                                                         

Or

Describe the geographical conditions required for the cultivation of wheat in India

Or

 “Wheat and rice farming in India is fairly different from each other.” Support the statement with five suitable examples.                                                                                                         

Or

Describe four geographical conditions required for the growth of wheat. Mention the two major wheat producing zones of India.

                                                                                      Or

Describe the suitable environmental conditions required for the growth of rice in India.

Or

Explain the geographical conditions required for the production of rice. Also mention the major rice-producing states of India.                                                                                                      

Or

 Mention any three geographical conditions required for the rice cultivation.

 Ans. (1) The two staple food crops of India are rice and wheat.

(2) Geographical conditions for rice and wheat:

Rice –(i) It requires high temperature, (above 25°C). (ii) It requires high humidity with annual rainfall above 100 cm. (iii) In the areas of less rainfall, it grows with the help of irrigation. (iv) It is grown in alluvial and loamy soil. (v) It is grown in the plains of north and north-eastern parts of India.

Wheat –(i) Wheat requires a cool growing season. (ii) It requires a bright sunshine at the time of ripening. (iii) It also requires 50 to 75 cm of annual rainfall evenly distributed over the growing season. (iv) It is grown in alluvial and loamy soil: (v) It is grown in the Ganga-Satluj plants of north-western and black soil region

 (3) (i) Major areas where rice Andhra Pradesh.

(ii) Major areas where wheat is grown are: Punjab, Haryana and Western Uttar Pradesh.

12.Name two important bevel rage crops grown in India. Who introduced these crops t the country? What type of agriculture is followed for their cultivation?

Ans. (1) Tea and coffee are the two important beverage crops grown in India.

 (2) Iva was initially introduced by the British in India. The Arabica variety of coffee initially brought from Yemen is produced in the country.

 (3) Plantation agriculture is followed for their cultivation.

13.Study the given diagram and answer the questions given below:

Dipped goods, 4.1% others, 4.7% Latex foam, 4% Belts and Hoses, 4.6%

Auto tires and tubes, 62.2%

Footwear’s, 6.6%

Camel back, 4.6%

Cycle tires and tubes, 9.2%

(1) Which crop is used for making the goods listed in the diagram?

 (2) Which types of goods occupy the highest percentage?

 (3) Mention any one climatic condition required for the growth of this crop.

 (4) Name any two major producing states of this crop.

 Ans. (1) Rubber

(2) Auto tires and tubes (62.2%).

(3) (i) It is grown in tropical and sub-tropical areas. (ii) It requires moist and humid climate with rainfall of more than 200 cm.

(iii) Temperature should be above 25°C.

(4) Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

14.Explain any three geographical conditions required for the growth of rice in India. How is it possible to grow rice in areas of less rainfalls?. Explain with examples.

Rice is the staple crop of India. It is grown well in hot and moist climate. The geographical conditions for Rice Cultivation are:

1.Temperature: 16°C – 27°C and rainfall 100 cm to 200 cm is ideal for rice growing. But rainfall during harvest times is harmful. Annual coverage temperature around 24°C is ideal.

2.Soil: rice is grown well on the alluvial soil or on the fertile river basins. It is also grown in mixed soil or loamy and clayey soil.

3.Land: Plain lands or gentle slopes are suitable for the production of rice. Because stagnancy of water is a must for the cultivation of rice.

 (2) In areas of less rainfall, it grows with the help of artificial irrigation such as in Punjab, Haryana, and Western Uttar Pradesh etc.

15.With reference to oil seeds, answer the following questions:

(a) Which is the main oil seed produced in India?

(b) Which state is the leading producer of that oil seed?

(c) Name two oil seeds which are grown as rabbi as well as khaki crop.

Ans. (a) Groundnut

(b) Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu.

(c) (i) Sesame is a khaki crop in north and rabbi crop in south India.

(ii) Castor seed is also grown both as rabbi and khaki crop.

16.How is it possible to grow rice in areas of less rainfall? Explain with examples.

Ans. (1) In areas of low rainfall, it is grown with the help of irrigation.

(2) Development of dense network of canal irrigation and tube wells has made it possible to grow rice in areas of less rainfall.

 (3) In Punjab. Haryana and western Uttar Pradesh and parts of Rajasthan rice produced with canal irrigation and tube wells.