CLASS 10 SST - GEOGRAPHY - AGRICULTURE - TYPES OF FARMING

TYPES OF FARMING

Very Short Answers:-

1. What proportion of India’s population is engaged in agricultural activities?

Ans. 60 percent.

2. Which millet is rich in iron, calcium, other micro-nutrients and roughage?

Ans. Ragi

3. Which state of India is the leading producer of jute?

Ans. West Bengal is the largest producer of jute in India.

4. Which position does India rank in terms of rice production in the world?

Ans. India is the second largest producer of rice in the world.

5. Describe ‘jhumming cultivation’ in one sentence.

Ans. Slash and burn agriculture is locally called jhumming in the north-eastern states like Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Manipur and Nagaland.

6. ‘Slash and burn’ farming comes under which type of farming?

Or

Which type of agriculture is ‘slash and burn’ agriculture?

Ans. jhumming farming.

7. Which describes a system of agriculture where a single crop is grown on a large area?

Ans. Plantation agriculture

8. What percentage of world’s coffee production does India produce?

Ans. 3.2%

Short Answers

1. What are millets? Give brief description of the climatic conditions and producing states of the millets grown in India.

Ans. (1) The three food grains also used as fodder, is called as millets. The three food grains are mower, bare and raga. These are also known as the coarse grains, because of the presence of high nutritional values and roughage.

(2) It is a khaki crop mostly grown in the moist areas without much need of irrigation. Bajra grows well on sandy soils and shallow black soil.

(3) In the drier western India mainly; raga is a crop of dry regions and grows well on red, black, sandy, loamy and shallow black soils.

2. Mention any three features each of intensive subsistence farming and commercial farming.

                                                                                Or

Distinguish between intensive subsistence farming and commercial farming.

Ans. 

(1) Intensive subsistence farming: 

(i) It is practiced in areas of high population pressure on land.

(ii) It is labor-intensive farming.

(iii) High doses of biochemical inputs and Production.

(2) Commercial farming: 

(i) Higher doses of modern inputs like HYV seeds, chemical fertilizers are used.

(ii) The main aim is to obtain higher productivity.

(iii) Crops are grown mainly for sale in the market.

Long Answers

1. With the example of sugarcane, explain the interdependence of all the three sectors of the economy.

Ans. 

(1) Sugarcane is the cash crop produced as a tropical crop in both North India and South India.

(2) It is the raw material for the sugar industries and many other beverage cola producing industries. Sugar mill produces the sugar crystals by crushing the sugarcane stems.

(3) The left over material after crushing is called biogases, which can be a good ingredient for paper industry

(4) The service of transportation of the sugarcanes after harvesting to the factory sites is very important; otherwise the juice can get dried up.

(5) That is why, the role of service sector is so vital to make the connection of agricultural and industrial sectors strongly bonded.

2. Give any three points of distinction between primitive subsistence agriculture and commercial agriculture.  

Or

Compare primitive subsistence farming and commercial farming.                         

Ans. Primitive Subsistence Farming Commercial Farming

(1) It is practiced on small patches of land. (1) The size of farm is comparatively large.

(2) This type of farming depends upon (2) Higher doses of modern inputs HYV monsoon and natural fertility of soil, seeds, and chemical fertilizers are used to obtain higher productivity.

(3) Farmers produce food crops to sustain (3) Crops are grown mainly to sell in the family market.

(4) Land is cultivated with the help of (4) Modern tools like tractors, harvesters primitive tools like hoe, Dao and digging are used for cultivation sticks.

(5) In this type of agriculture land (5) Land productivity is very high productivity is low.

3. Describe any five types of farming practiced in India.

Ans. Major farming systems practiced in different parts of India are:

(1) Primitive Subsistence Farming: This type of farming is mainly practiced by tribal groups. It is practiced on small patches of land with the help of primitive tools and also lacks in capital and irrigational facilities.

(2) Intensive Subsistence Farming: This type of farming practiced in the areas of high population pressure on land. In this type of farming, high doses of biochemical inputs and irrigation are used for obtaining higher production.

(3) Commercial Farming: In commercial farming, higher doses of modern technology are used. It uses High Yielding Variety (HYV) of seeds, chemical fertilizers, insecticides and pesticides in order to obtain higher productivity. The main objective of this type of farming is to earn money and foreign exchange.

(4) Plantation Agriculture: Plantation farming is a type of commercial farming where crops are grown largely for the purpose of sale or trade. In this type of farming, a single crop is grown on a large scale. It involves large capital investment and application of modem science and technology.

(5) Jhumming : Slash and burn agriculture is locally called `Jhumming’ in north- eastern states like Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram and Nagaland. In this type of farming, farmers clear a patch of land and produce cereals and other food crops to sustain their family.

4. Describe the main features of Indian agriculture.

Ans. 

(1) nearly two-thirds of our total population is engaged in agricultural activities.

(2) It is the main source of employment in India. It provides livelihood to about 50% of the total labor force.

(3) Agricultural sector produces various crops such as wheat, rice, millets, pulses, etc. Thus, it ensures food security for the country.

(4) Various cash crops like cotton, sugarcane, coffee, jute are grown. In this way, agriculture provides raw materials to agro-based industries.

(5) Various agriculture products like tea, coffee, spices are exported. This helps to earn foreign exchange.

5. What is Intensive Subsistence Farming? Write three features of this type of farming.

Ans:

(1) In Intensive Subsistence Farming, land is intensively is consumed mainly by the farmers’ family. There is hardly any surplus left to be sold or traded.

(2) The landholdings are small and scattered due to ‘right of inheritance’.

(3) The farmers continue to take maximum output from the limited land in the absence of alternative source of livelihood.

(4) It is labor-intensive farming, where high doses of biochemical inputs and litigation are used to obtain higher yields.

(5) Thus, there is enormous pressure on agricultural land.

6. Write the features of Commercial Farming in India.

 Ans. 

(1) Commercial farming: In this type of farming crops are grown largely for the purpose of sale or trade. Mainly cash crops are grown because they fetch much higher prices in the market.

(2) Features of commercial farming:

(i) Higher doses of modern inputs are used

(ii) It uses High Yielding Variety (HYV) of seeds, chemical fertilizers, insecticides and pest higher productivity

(iii) Modern techniques and scientific methods of cultivation are practiced. Productivity as high. It is a mechanized and commercialized farming. Is

(iv) The main objective of this farming is to earn money and foreign exchange.

(v) The degree of commercialization of agriculture varies from one region to another. For example, rice is a commercial crop in Haryana and Punjab, while in Odisha, it is a subsistence crop.

7. Distinguish between primitive subsistence farming and intensive subsistence farming.

Ans. Primitive Subsistence Farming – 

(1) This type of farming is practiced in areas of high population pressure on land.

(2) It is practiced on small patches of land for obtaining higher production.

(3) There is no pressure on agricultural

(4) In this type of farming, agricultural productivity is high.

(5) Farmers shift and clear a fresh patch output from limited land.

Intensive Subsistence Farming – 

(1) This type of farming is practiced few pockets of India.

(2) In this type of farming, high doses of with the help of primitive tools and also bio-chemical inputs and irrigation are used lacks in capital and irrigational facilities.

(3) There is enormous pressure on land agricultural land.

(4) In this type of farming, agricultural productivity is low.

(5) The farmers continue to take maximum of land for cultivation.

8. Why is subsistence agriculture still practiced in certain parts of the country? Give four reasons.

Ans. Subsistence agriculture is still practiced in certain parts of the country for the following reasons :

(1) There is small piece of land.

(2) Farmers are poor and don’t have fertilizers and High Yielding Variety of seeds.

(3) Storage facilities are inadequate.

(4) Agriculture mainly depends on monsoon rains.

(5) Means of transport are inadequate.

(6) Facilities like electricity and irrigation are generally not available to them.

(7) Most of the food production is for their own consumption.