Gender, Religion and Caste 01 [Answer]

Gender, Religion and Caste 01

Answer

1. a. social community

Explanation: The problem becomes more acute when religion is expressed in politics in exclusive and partisan terms, when one religion and its followers are pitted against another. Communal politics is based on the idea that religion is the principal basis of social community.

 

2. c. Feminist

Explanation: A person who believes in equal rights and opportunities for women and men is known as Feminist.

 

3. b. Unequal roles assigned by the society to men and women

Explanation: The gender division tends to be understood as natural and unchangeable. However, it is not based on biology but on social expectations and stereotypes.

 

4. b. sharing the votes on religious basis

Explanation: Communalism can take place:

i. In everyday beliefs, like religious prejudices.

ii. A quest for political dominance of one’s own religious community.

iii. Political mobilisation on religious lines

 

5. d. occupational mobility

Explanation: Occupational mobility: Shift from one occupation to another, usually when a new generation takes up occupations other than those practiced by their ancestors.

 

6. The national literacy rate, according to the 2011 census, was 74.04 percent.

 

7. 64.84%

 

8. It is celebrated on the 8th March every year.

 

9. A system that values men more and gives them power over women is referred to as patriarchy. The society based on this ideology is known as the Patriarchal Society.

 

10. In a democracy, the citizens enjoy basic fundamental rights. One of which is Freedom of Religion. When a citizen has all the rights to profess any religion he likes, a politician cannot seek votes on the grounds of religion. His act is against the spirit of democracy as the said politician is not working as per the Constitution.

i. It also exploits the social difference.

ii. It may create social discard and may lead to social division.

iii. It is also a biased attitude and neglects the principle of equality.

iv. He is violating the basic principle of secularism.

 

11.

a. Gandhi Ji used to say that religion can never be separated from politics.

b. According to him, religion was not any particular religion like Hinduism or Islam but moral values that form the basis of our religion.

c. He believed that politics must be guided by ethics drawn from religion.

 

12.

a. Social democracy means there should be equality and unity among the society.

b. Everyone should have equal access to the resources of the society.

c. There should not be any discrimination on the basis of caste, race, gender or religion.

d. No religion or community is given any preference over others.

 

13.

a. The association of political parties with social groups is not always bad.

b. Associations of political parties with a weaker section of society are healthy for democracy.

c. Through political parties, weaker sections get together to voice their opinion and get a chance for their betterment.

d. Some political parties grow out of social groups, example DMK, AIADMK.

 

14.

a. As per the old caste hierarchy Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas and Shudras formed the ladder from top to bottom. Various socio-economic and political changes have almost broken down this hierarchy.

b. The main occupations of the Brahmins were to perform various religious rites. Now, one can see Brahmins in various other occupations. They are running shops and hotels.

c. Kshatriyas and Vaishyas are also working in many fields.

d. Shudras, who were once untouchables, are now politicians, Doctors, professors and they now hold various respectable posts in government and private sectors.

e. Urbanization and Education have brought a change in the mindset of modern youths from all castes and they are living and working together.

 

15. Communalism means attempts to promote religious ideas between groups of people who are identified as different communities.

Communalism can take various forms in politics:

i. The most common expression of communalism is in everyday beliefs. These routinely involve religious prejudices, the stereotype of religious communities and belief in the superiority of one's religion over other religions. This is so common that we often fail to notice it, even when we believe in it.

ii. A communal mind often leads to a quest for political dominance of one's own religious community. For those belonging to the majority community, this takes the form of majoritarian dominance. For those belonging to the minority community, it can take the form of a desire to form a separate political unit. In electoral politics, this often involves a special appeal to the interests or emotions of voters of one religion in preference to others.

iii. Political mobilisation on religious lines is another frequent form of communalism. This involves the use of sacred symbols, religious leaders, emotional appeal and plain fear in order to bring the followers of one religion together in the political arena.

iv. Sometimes, communalism takes its most ugly form of communal violence, riots and massacre. India and Pakistan suffered some of the worst communal riots at the time of Partition. The post-Independence period has also seen large scale communal violence.

v. communalism was and continues to be one of the major challenges to democracy in our country.